How the picosecond laser works

Picosecond lasers are lasers with pulse widths in the picosecond class (one picosecond equals 10^-12 seconds).
The principle of operation is based on laser amplification and modulation techniques, and is based on a concentrated release of ultra-high energy density through laser emission and enhancement techniques.
The working principle of picosecond laser is explained in detail below.
1. Light Generation
The generation of picosecond laser light depends on a specific laser.
The most commonly used picosecond lasers are titanium gemstone lasers and erbium-doped fibre lasers.
The titanium laser produces light by passing a pulsed current through a titanium crystal that excites the atoms inside the crystal.
Erbium-doped fibre lasers generate laser light by injecting energy into the erbium fibre in the reverse direction to stimulate the excitation of erbium ions.
2. Amplification of light
In a laser, light is used as an input signal and propagates through the laser medium.
The laser medium is the material in the laser that amplifies the light signal, such as a titanium gemstone crystal or an erbium-doped fibre.
The propagation of light in the laser medium excites the atoms or molecules confined in the medium to jump, thus releasing more enhanced light and achieving the process of light amplification.
3. Mode-locking of light
In order to generate picosecond pulses, the laser needs to be mode-locked.
Mode-locking is the process of introducing additional components inside or outside the laser to make the light intensity inside the laser oscillate in a specific pattern.
This oscillation pattern creates a stable pulse output, i.e., picosecond pulses.
4. Super Continuous Wave Laser
Picosecond lasers also have similar properties to continuous wave lasers.
Inside the laser, a huge amount of energy is tightly concentrated in a very short time window.
This property allows the picosecond laser to release massive amounts of energy in a very short time, producing very high energy density.
5.Application
Picosecond laser has a wide range of applications in the fields of medicine, biological science, material science and so on.
In the field of medicine, picosecond laser is used for skin removal, facial beauty, tattoo removal and so on.
In the field of biological science, it is used in cell manipulation, optical microscope imaging technology, etc..
In the field of material science, it is used for micromachining, nanosecond cycle structure preparation, etc.
6. Application Advantages
Compared with other lasers, picosecond laser has unique application advantages.
Firstly, the short pulse width of picosecond laser enables fast and precise processing.
Secondly, picosecond lasers have a very high energy density, which provides the ability to manipulate the applied material with high precision.
Finally, due to its high self-focusing properties, the picosecond laser is able to avoid thermal effects on processing and achieve better processing results.